Abstract
Background: Pyoarthritis (PIOA), also known as septic arthritis, is an acute monoarthritis caused mainly by common bacteria, such as Staphylococcus or Streptococcus. Although PIOA in children is not common, it should not be underestimated as it can be associated with sepsis and result in severe dysfunction or death if not treated early and appropriately.
Aim: To report a case of PIOA in a newborn treated at the Pediatrics Service of the Hospital Universitário São Francisco na Providência de Deus (HUSF), located in the city of Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil. Case Report: This was a 14-day-old newborn whose parents reported complaints of irritability, excessive crying during manipulation and decreased motility of the left lower limb, which was swollen and red in the hip region. The patient was evaluated by the Orthopedics team, who diagnosed him with PIOA, cleaning and draining the affected hip, followed by 21 days of combined antibiotic therapy, with complete remission of the disease.
Conclusion: Due to its rarity, high morbidity and mortality rate and lack of international consensus on the best antibiotic therapy to be administered, IOP in newborns and children remains a major challenge. Its diagnosis should be performed quickly, seeking to avoid the occurrence of sequelae such as limb shortening or death.
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