Manejo Farmacológico De Pacientes Com Doença De Alzheimer: Revisão Narrativa Da Literatura

Autores

  • Lana Omar Ghazzaoui Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo – SP
  • Rachel Ann Asencio Bracelis Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo – SP
  • Rodrigo de Barros Freitas Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo – SP
  • Letícia de Oliveira Pinto Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo – SP
  • Rafael Balsimelli Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo – SP
  • Bruno Kehrwald-Balsimelli Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo – SP
  • Rafael Batman de Góes Faculdade Santa Marcelina, São Paulo – SP
  • Monica Noleto Miranda Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo – SP.
  • Claudia Joanete da Silva Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo – SP
  • Maykon Anderson Pires de Novais Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo – SP.
  • Tania Carmen Peñaranda Govato Disciplina de Economia e Gestão em Saúde - UNIFESP, São Paulo – SP
  • Afonso Caricati-Neto Departamento de Farmacologia – UNIFESP, São Paulo – SP
  • Fernando Sabia Tallo Disciplina de Clínica Médica – UNIFESP, São Paulo – SP.
  • Renato Ribeiro Nogueira Ferraz Faculdade de Medicina Nove de Julho, São Bernardo do Campo – SP
  • Francisco Sandro Menezes-Rodrigues Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo – SP.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37497/JMRReview.v2i1.53

Palavras-chave:

Doença de Alzheimer, Inibidores da Colinesterase, Memantina, Antioxidantes, Estrogênio, Anti-inflamatórios, Ginkgo-biloba, Fator de crescimento neuronal

Resumo

Introdução: Dentre as doenças neurodegenerativas que causam demência, a doença de Alzheimer (DA) aparece entre as principais, sendo responsável por cerca de 50% a 70% dos casos. A farmacoterapia mais utilizada atualmente para o tratamento da DA visa minimizar as perdas cognitivas (aprendizagem e memória), bem como as alterações de humor e comportamento, além da manutenção da qualidade de vida, melhorando a função e a independência.

Objetivo: Sintetizar evidências relacionadas à farmacoterapia no tratamento da DA.

Método: A busca se concentrou em literaturas que discutissem os benefícios e limitações da terapia de reposição colinérgica, representada principalmente pelos inibidores da colinesterase, com base em dados de pesquisas neurobiológicas, farmacológicas e clínicas.

Resultados e Discussão: O papel da memantina em casos moderados a graves de demência, bem como as perspectivas de seu uso em combinação com inibidores da colinesterase, foram discutidos em boa parte dos artigos revisados. Também foi abordado o papel da reposição estrogênica, antioxidantes, estatinas e anti-inflamatórios no tratamento e prevenção da demência, levando em conta os resultados negativos de estudos epidemiológicos clínicos recentes. Por fim, foram discutidas as diferentes modalidades de terapia anti-amiloide, principalmente considerando a imunoterapia no tratamento da DA.

Conclusão: A farmacoterapia utilizada na DA, atualmente, inclui inibidores da colinesterase (AChEI), memantina, fármacos antioxidantes, estrogênio, AINES, estatinas, Ginkgo biloba e fator de crescimento neuronal, dentre outras drogas. O desafio do momento é identificar novas drogas que atuem no tratamento da DA já estabelecida, e evitem a sobreposição de fatores predisponentes para o desenvolvimento da doença, bem como melhorar a compreensão das vias desencadeantes da DA e estabelecer estratégias para evitar a sua progressão.

Biografia do Autor

Lana Omar Ghazzaoui, Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo – SP

Curso de Medicina - Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo – SP.

Rachel Ann Asencio Bracelis, Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo – SP

Curso de Medicina - Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo – SP.

Rodrigo de Barros Freitas, Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo – SP

Curso de Medicina - Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo – SP.

Letícia de Oliveira Pinto, Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo – SP

Curso de Medicina - Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo – SP.

Rafael Balsimelli, Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo – SP

Curso de Medicina - Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo – SP.

Bruno Kehrwald-Balsimelli, Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo – SP

Curso de Medicina - Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo – SP.

Rafael Batman de Góes, Faculdade Santa Marcelina, São Paulo – SP

Curso de Medicina - Faculdade Santa Marcelina, São Paulo – SP.

Monica Noleto Miranda, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo – SP.

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Cirúrgica Interdisciplinar – Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo – SP.

Claudia Joanete da Silva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo – SP

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Cirúrgica Interdisciplinar – Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo – SP.

Maykon Anderson Pires de Novais, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo – SP.

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Cirúrgica Interdisciplinar – Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo – SP.

Tania Carmen Peñaranda Govato, Disciplina de Economia e Gestão em Saúde - UNIFESP, São Paulo – SP

Departamento de Medicina - Disciplina de Economia e Gestão em Saúde - UNIFESP, São Paulo – SP.

Afonso Caricati-Neto, Departamento de Farmacologia – UNIFESP, São Paulo – SP

Departamento de Farmacologia – UNIFESP, São Paulo – SP.

Fernando Sabia Tallo, Disciplina de Clínica Médica – UNIFESP, São Paulo – SP.

Disciplina de Clínica Médica – UNIFESP, São Paulo – SP.

Renato Ribeiro Nogueira Ferraz, Faculdade de Medicina Nove de Julho, São Bernardo do Campo – SP

Curso de Medicina – Faculdade de Medicina Nove de Julho, São Bernardo do Campo – SP

Francisco Sandro Menezes-Rodrigues, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo – SP.

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Cirúrgica Interdisciplinar – Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo – SP.

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2023-12-06

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Ghazzaoui, L. O., Bracelis, R. A. A., Freitas, R. de B., Oliveira Pinto, L. de, Balsimelli, R., Kehrwald-Balsimelli, B., Góes, R. B. de, Miranda, M. N., Joanete da Silva, C., Novais, M. A. P. de, Govato, T. C. P., Caricati-Neto, A., Tallo, F. S., Ferraz, R. R. N., & Menezes-Rodrigues, F. S. (2023). Manejo Farmacológico De Pacientes Com Doença De Alzheimer: Revisão Narrativa Da Literatura. Journal of Medical Residency Review, 2(1), e053. https://doi.org/10.37497/JMRReview.v2i1.53

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