Keywords
Pneumonia
Pediatrics
Antibiotic therapy
How to Cite
Abstract
Background: Pneumonia is a common acute respiratory infection that affects the alveoli and the distal bronchial tree of the lungs. The disease is broadly divided into community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) or hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). CAP is defined as pneumonia occurring in a patient with no recent exposure to healthcare, and covers an extremely variable clinical spectrum, ranging from patients with healthy appearance to necrotizing or multilobar disease with septic shock. Pneumonia carries the highest mortality of any infectious disease, and children under five are one of the most borne by the PAC, with cases accounting for 107.7 episodes per 1,000 children.
Aim: Through a literature review, to evaluate the evidence on the treatment of pneumonia in children, with a CAP approach. Method: This is an exploratory study, based on the method of integrative literature review. The database chosen for the selection of studies was PUBMED, using the following search strategy: pneumonia[title] AND treatment[title] AND (children[title] OR pediatrics[title]). Any paper that discussed the proposed topic was initially included in the sample. Results: A total of 396 papers that responded to previously established strategy were identified. After reading the titles and abstracts, 32 scientific articles were included in this review.
Conclusion: The main finding of this review was that the decrease in time and dosage of treatments with beta-lactam drugs (mainly amoxicillin) were effective and safe for the treatment of CAP in children. In addition, a shorter course of amoxicillin improves adherence to therapy, is inexpensive, and puts less pressure on antimicrobial resistance. However, the severity of the disease, the treatment site, and previously used antibiotics must be taken into account before applying the protocols.
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