Abstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium that inhabits the gastric environment of 60.3% of the world's population. It is well established that this microorganism is related to the development of gastroduodenal disorders, of which chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, mucosa-associated lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma stand out. However, since the 1980s, increasing evidence has associated this infection with various extragastric manifestations.
Aim: Through a review of clinical trials, to synthesize the evidence on the treatment of H. pylori infections. Method: This is an exploratory study, based on the literature review method. The database chosen for the selection of papers was PUBMED, using the following search strategy: "helicobacter pylori"[title] AND treatment[title]. Studies published in the year 2022 were evaluated and any work that discussed the proposed theme and was a clinical trial was initially included in the sample.
Results: Initially, nine studies were identified that met the aforementioned search strategy. After reading the titles and abstracts, no text was excluded. Conclusion: In general, the effectiveness of high-dose dual regimens is comparable to triple and quadruple regimens, with the advantage of inducing fewer adverse effects in patients. Furthermore, the use of probiotics was effective in replacing bismuth in quadruple regimens, leading to greater eradication of H. pylori. However, its administration to prevent changes in the intestinal microbiota remains controversial. Finally, the administration of nitazoxanide replacing metronidazole in triple therapies proved to be more effective, mainly due to the resistance acquired by H. pylori to metronidazole.
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